Geopolitics and Non-State Actors

Question: Discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between ungoverned spaces, geopolitics and geopstrtrategies. Answer: Ungoverned spaces refer to the latest incarnations of states that are poorly or under-governed states. The states will have interdict access in using fossil fuels, launch attacks, and pursue terrorist and criminal activities along with transit lanes. Ungoverned spaces need more protection and security. Geopolitics is a subdivision of geostrategy. Geostrategy is a foreign policy that is guided by different factors of geography. It affects military planning and political aspects of a country. The concept of ungoverned space is very different from geopolitics and geostrategic concepts. However, they have similarities too. Previously, the strategies of geopolitics are formulated in a different way. However, after the attack of 9/11 in the United States of America, the concept of global terrorism has changed. Ungoverned states are different from formal states. They exist under authorities [1]. They are fragile and are considered as the hub of drug trafficking, terrorism, illegal migrants, etc. For instance, there are ungoverned spaces in Africa, such as Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, etc. which are considered as the hub of criminal and terrorist activities. Policies of geostrategy are implemented on focusing on the geopolitics of the state. After the terrorist attack in Afghanistan on 11 September, a global terrorism is created that has changed the military action and geostrategies to the ungoverned spaces of Iraq, Mali, and Afghanistan. The old geopolitical strategies are gradually changing after this incident [2]. However, the similarity between these concepts is based on the degree of criminal activities before or after the event of 9/11. The Western Communities have developed a terror on the ungoverned spaces present in different countries of the world. Reference List Kraxberger, Brennan M. "The United States and Africa: shifting geopolitics in an" Age of Terror"."Africa Today52, no. 1 (2005): 47-68. Oakley, David P., and Patrick Proctor. "Ten Years of GWOT, the Failure of Democratization and the Fallacy of" Ungoverned Spaces"."Journal of Strategic Security5, no. 1 (2012): 1.